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For pollinating insects, funding has been available to create or maintain habitats and nectar/pollen sources by sowing wildflower seed mixes in dedicated areas, or strips within arable land. In the European Union and the United Kingdom, financial support has been provided through agri-environmental schemes to encourage farmers to cater for wildlife in their land management. Kremen and Merenlender, 2018 Balfour et al., 2021). In countries with fragmented natural habitats, and where most of the land area is used for agriculture, such as the United Kingdom (75% DEFRA, 2020b), there is a need to develop practical means to maintain biodiversity within the farmed landscape (e.g. The United Kingdom's commitment to these goals and targets are set out in the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020, which has recently been updated (DEFRA, 2020a). The Rio Convention on the Conservation of Biodiversity and the Aichi targets were agreed upon by most countries, including the United Kingdom, in 2010. While several causes have been identified, there is a general consensus that agricultural intensification is a key factor (Ollerton et al., 2014 Goulson et al., 2015 Balfour et al., 2018). Goulson et al., 2015 Bartomeus et al., 2019). However, declines in the abundance and distribution of many pollinator species have prompted concerns for the maintenance of their pollination services (e.g. The importance of animal pollinators to agricultural productivity and as a component of biodiversity is well-understood (Klein et al., 2007 Ollerton et al., 2011).
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Thus, the challenge of reconciling the conflicts between agricultural production and these native and biodiverse species should be a renewed priority to land managers, researchers and policymakers. The UK government is, however, currently committed to overhauling agricultural payments to encourage more wildlife- and climate-friendly practices. Unfortunately, current UK agricultural policy encourages neither land sparing for nor land sharing with weeds. Our results clearly show that weeds have an underappreciated value to biodiversity. Meanwhile, the cost of the four pollinator-targeted agri-environmental options in the United Kingdom exceeds £40 m annually. £10 million per year is spent controlling injurious weeds.
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obtusifolius), with plant species recommended for pollinator-targeted agri-environmental options. vulgare, curled dock Rumex crispus and broadleaved dock R.
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